INSHARO Outreach — set-up guide for the sales team
This guide is for the people who send outreach: SDRs, account executives and sales managers. It is written for you, not for the admin team. INSHARO Outreach sends your follow-ups for you, from your own mailbox, on a schedule you set, stops the moment somebody replies, drafts an answer for you to approve, books the meeting, and writes everything back onto the lead in the ERP.
You work in two places: the ERP (the lead, contact and customer pages, and Sales → Email Outreach) and the console (the sequencer's own screen: Sequences, Replies, Meetings, Analytics). Chapter 2 sets you up step by step in about thirty minutes; chapters 3 to 5 take you from an empty account to your first booked meeting. Tick the boxes as you go; your progress is remembered on this browser. Whenever a step needs somebody else, it says so.
What this does for you
In one picture
A sequence is a short series of e-mails (usually three to five) with gaps between them: a first touch, a bump three days later, a different angle a week later, a polite break-up. You write it once. Then you enrol people into it, one by one from their page in the ERP or by the hundred from a spreadsheet. From that moment the system does the rest:
- It sends each step from your mailbox, inside your sending window, with a random delay so the e-mails do not all leave at 09:00:00.
- It stops the sequence for anybody who replies, bounces, unsubscribes or complains. Nobody gets a chirpy follow-up after they said no.
- It reads the reply and tells you what kind it is (interested, question, wants a meeting, not now, wrong person…), writes a draft answer in the prospect's language, and waits for you to approve it. Meeting requests come with free slots from your calendar and a booking link.
- It writes everything onto the lead in the ERP: an interaction for every e-mail sent and every reply, a Replied tag and a follow-up task when they answer, a meeting on your calendar when they book, and the lead moves forward on the board.
- It protects your mailbox's reputation: daily limits, a warm-up ramp for new mailboxes, bounce and complaint monitoring, and an automatic pause if a mailbox starts to look bad.
Where things live
| You want to… | Go to |
|---|---|
| Put a lead, contact or customer into a sequence | ERP → the person's page → E-mail sequences card → Enrol |
| See who replied, approve AI answers, see what is running | ERP → Sales → Email Outreach |
| See the full picture on one person | ERP → the lead page (interactions, tags, tasks, notes) |
| Write or change a sequence, test an e-mail, check your numbers | Console → Sequences, Templates, Analytics |
| Handle replies and drafts in detail, propose or book meetings | Console → Replies, Meetings |
| Your mailbox, its limits, warm-up and calendar hours | Console → Mailboxes |
| Import a list of people, see tiers, stop someone | Console → Contacts, Enrollments |
| Anything about keys, connecting your company, or other people's mailboxes | Ask your admin |
The console groups its pages as Overview (Dashboard, Analytics), Outreach (Sequences, Contacts, Enrollments, Templates, Brand), Inbox (Replies, Meetings), Deliverability (Mailboxes, DNS, Compliance) and System. You will live in Outreach, Inbox and your own mailbox; managers add Overview. You will rarely need the rest.
Who does what
| Role | In the ERP | In the console |
|---|---|---|
| SDR / AE | Enrol and stop people on leads, contacts and customers you may edit; approve and reject AI drafts; see Email Outreach | An operator key: sequences, contacts, replies, meetings, your mailbox |
| Sales manager | The same, plus the numbers for the whole company | An operator key, or a readonly key for a dashboard-only login; sets the company profile and the default language |
Each company has its own workspace in the console. You only ever see your company's mail; the console shows which workspace you are in at the bottom of its sidebar.
Words you will meet
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Mailbox | A real e-mail account (your Spacemail address on our domain) the sequencer sends from and reads replies in |
| Sequence, step | The campaign and one e-mail inside it. A step can have variants (A/B tests, or an Arabic version) |
| Enrolment | One person inside one sequence, with their own progress (step 2 of 4, replied, stopped…) |
| Send window | The hours and days a sequence may send, in the sequence's time zone |
| Warm-up | A new mailbox starts at 10 e-mails a day and adds 5 a day until it reaches its limit |
| Draft | An answer the AI wrote to a reply, waiting for you to approve, edit or reject |
| Do-not-send list | Addresses nobody may e-mail: unsubscribed, bounced, complained, or added by a person. Shared with the ERP |
| ICP tier | A, B or C: how well a person matches our ideal customer profile. A-tier people are sent first |
Try it
Set yourself up, step by step
Eight steps, once. Have your mailbox password and your phone nearby for the test e-mail.
Sign in to the ERP as usual. In the left menu open Sales → Email Outreach. It is empty for now; this is where replies and AI drafts will wait for you. Then open any lead: near the top of the page there is an E-mail sequences card. It may say Not connected for this company or No active sequence with steps yet; both are fine today. If the card is missing altogether, ask your admin to switch the module on for you.
There is no password and no key to keep. Your ERP account is your account here.
- In the ERP open Sales → Email Outreach and press Open INSHARO Outreach. A new tab opens the console, already signed in as you: the sidebar shows your name, your role (operator for most of the team) and your company's workspace, with via ERP next to it.
- If instead the ERP says you are not a member yet, your sales admin has to add you: they do it on Sales → Outreach team in a minute (your role, your LinkedIn seat and your mailbox). Ask, then press the button again.
- Bookmark the console tab if you like; the session lasts a working day and renews while you use it. When it ends you land on the sign-in screen: press Continue with the ERP and you are back. Sign out is in the top right.
Your sending address is a Spacemail mailbox on our domain. Your admin creates it and gives you its password; if you do not have one yet, ask before you continue.
Console → Mailboxes → the card Add mailbox.
- Provider: Spacemail (Spaceship). The servers, ports and limits fill in by themselves; leave them as they are.
- Name: your first name, lower case (for example
sara). This is only how the mailbox is listed. - From name: your full name, the way prospects should see it.
- From email: your address. The Username field copies it; that is correct, Spacemail signs in with the full address.
- Mailbox password: the password your admin gave you. Nothing else on the form needs typing: the IMAP fields are already set so replies and bounces are read from the same mailbox.
- Press Test connection. Two green lines (SMTP and IMAP) mean the sequencer can send as you and read your replies. A red line with 535 means the password is wrong; a red IMAP line with the SMTP line green means the mailbox is not active yet, so ask your admin.
- Press Save mailbox. Your mailbox is in the list, with a warm-up badge.
Using a Google Workspace or Microsoft 365 address instead? Use the card Connect with OAuth: pick the provider, name, daily limit 80, tick Request calendar access (Google), press Connect and allow access in the window that opens. No OAuth button? Pick Google Workspace / Gmail (app password) in the Add mailbox card and use an app password from your Google account (Google Account → Security → 2-Step Verification → App passwords).
In the Mailboxes list press Edit on your mailbox and check:
| Field | Set it to | Why |
|---|---|---|
| From name | Your full name | Prospects reply to people, not brands |
| Reply-to | leave empty | Replies come to your own inbox |
| Daily limit | 80 | Safe for one mailbox doing cold outreach (Spacemail allows 500 an hour; reputation, not the cap, is the limit) |
| Minimum gap | 90 seconds | Human pace between two sends |
| Warm-up | on, start 10, add 5 per day | Builds the mailbox's reputation before volume |
| Priority reserve | 10 | Keeps ten sends a day free for A-tier accounts |
Press Save changes. The list now shows the warm-up day and today's effective limit.
Press Verify on your mailbox. Green means the sequencer can log in to send and to read replies. Then Templates → open any template (or create a one-line one) → Send test → your own address. Read it on your phone:
- It arrived in the inbox: good.
- It arrived in spam or promotions: stop here and tell your admin. The sending domain's records need attention; sending more now would make it worse.
- It did not arrive in five minutes: press Verify again and read the message it shows.
Mailboxes → Edit → Calendar section:
| Field | Set it to |
|---|---|
| Timezone | Asia/Riyadh (or where you sit) |
| Working windows | the hours per weekday you take calls, for example Sunday to Wednesday 10:00–16:00, Thursday 10:00–14:00 |
| Slot | 30 minutes |
| Buffer | 15 minutes between meetings |
| Minimum notice | 12 hours |
| Days ahead | 14 |
| Meeting link | your Google Meet or Teams link |
| Title | "Intro call with Insharo" (or your brand) |
| Sync to Google Calendar | on only if you connected a Google mailbox with calendar access in step 3; off for Spacemail |
Save. Then Meetings → Availability: the free slots the system will offer. Press Booking link, open it in a private browser window, and look at it as a prospect would. This is the page they book on; the invitation they receive carries your Meet link.
Your signature is added automatically to every AI answer: your from name and your address. Sequence e-mails carry whatever signature you write into the step, so write it once in chapter 3.
The language a person receives depends on the person, not on you: a contact marked Arabic gets the Arabic variant of a step when there is one (chapter 3). Replies are answered in the language the prospect wrote in. If drafts keep coming in the wrong language or tone, your manager sets the workspace's default language and company profile.
In the ERP create a lead called "Test — your name" with your personal address (not your work one), company "Test". You will enrol it in chapter 4 and see every e-mail, draft and booking exactly as a prospect sees them. Keep it; you will reuse it every time you write a new sequence.
Try it
Writing your first sequence
A sequence is written once and used for months, so it is worth an hour. The rules first, then the steps.
The rules of a good cold sequence
- One reader, one problem, one ask. Each e-mail is about a pain that person has and ends with a single, small question. "Worth a 20-minute call next week?" beats a menu of options.
- Short. Under 120 words for the first touch. The reader is on a phone between meetings.
- Looks like a person wrote it. No banner, no three columns, no five links. One link at most. The linter (step 10) tells you when an e-mail looks like a newsletter.
- The follow-ups add something. A bump is fine once ("bumping this up"). The third touch brings a new angle: a number, a customer like them, a question about a trigger event. The last one closes the door politely and leaves it open.
- Spacing: day 0, day 3, day 7, day 14 works. Never two in one day.
- Threading: steps after the first are usually sent as a reply so they stack under the first e-mail in the reader's inbox. The writer does this for you.
- Arabic or English depends on the reader, not on you. One sequence can carry both (step 11).
The variables you can use
Anywhere in a subject or body, curly braces pull in what we know about the person:
| Write | You get |
|---|---|
{{first_name}}, {{last_name}}, {{full_name}} | from the ERP record |
{{company}} | their company |
{{fallback first_name "there"}} | "there" when we do not know the first name; use this in greetings |
{{personal_line}} | a one-sentence opener the AI writes per person from research and notes. Wrap it: {{#if personal_line}}{{personal_line}}{{/if}} |
{{owner_name}}, {{enrolled_by}} | you, as the ERP sent it |
{Hi|Hello|Hey} | spins one of the words per recipient so hundreds of e-mails are not identical |
{{unsubscribe_url}} | the unsubscribe link. Every outreach e-mail must carry it; the writer adds it if you forget |
Console → Sequences → Write sequence. Describe the product in two or three sentences (what it is, who it is for, the one result customers get), the audience (title, industry, country), the goal (book a call), the tone, the language (en, ar or both) and how many steps. Add one or two proof points if you have them ("cut month-end close from 9 days to 3 at a 40-store retailer"). The writer returns a complete sequence: subjects, bodies, delays, a bump sent as a reply, a break-up e-mail, and a note on why each step exists.
The result is saved paused, so nothing goes out until you say so.
Open the sequence and read every step out loud. Cut anything you would not say on the phone. Make sure the greeting uses the fallback, the first step has the personal line, and the ask is one question. Write your signature into the last lines of each step.
Press Lint on each step. It scores the e-mail for spam risk (A is good, F is bad) and lists the reasons: too many links, a shortened link, "FREE" in the subject, capital letters, a missing unsubscribe link, an image-only body. Fix anything red; a template that scores badly cannot be saved, and that is on purpose.
Press Send test on the first step and read it on your phone. That is the real test.
- A/B: open the step → variants → add one (or let the AI generate it). Each variant tests one idea, usually the subject line. Traffic splits evenly; after about 30 sends per variant the optimiser (chapter 6) declares a winner and routes everybody to it.
- Arabic: on the sequence press Localize, choose
ar, add a note about the market ("Saudi enterprise finance teams, formal"). Every step gets an Arabic variant written for the culture, not translated word by word, with right-to-left layout. Anybody whose contact language is Arabic receives that version automatically; everybody else gets the English.
Sequence → Edit: the time zone (Asia/Riyadh), the send window (09:00–17:00), the days (Sunday to Thursday), and the switches: AI personalise (writes the personal line before step 1), AI research (reads the prospect's website first), optimise send time (learns when each person opens), nurture on complete (chapter 5), and the minimum ICP tier if the sequence is only for A-tier accounts. Save sequence, then Resume. It is now live and empty: nobody is in it yet.
If your LinkedIn account is connected through Aimfox, a sequence can knock on LinkedIn too. Open the console's LinkedIn page first: your seat (your LinkedIn account) should be in the list with you next to it and the state logged in. If it is not there, or shows nobody, ask your admin to assign it to you.
In the sequence editor press Add step, set Channel to LinkedIn (Aimfox) and pick one of your campaigns from the list (the ones Aimfox runs from your account). When a person reaches this step, their LinkedIn profile is added to that campaign and Aimfox does the connecting and messaging from your account, at its own pace. The copy of the connection note and the messages lives in the Aimfox campaign, not here.
Where to put it: as step 1 with a two-day delay before the first e-mail ("saw you on LinkedIn"), or after the second e-mail as a different door. A person with no LinkedIn URL on their record is simply skipped for that step and gets the next e-mail as usual; so is somebody already in that campaign.
Try it
Putting people into sequences
Enrolling is the one action that reaches a real person, so it is always done by a person and never automatically. Two doors: one person at a time from the ERP, or a list from the console.
Open the test lead from step 8. In the E-mail sequences card choose your sequence from the dropdown and press Enrol. Confirm. That is all.
What happens next:
- The person is mirrored into the sequencer as a contact (name, company, title, your name as owner).
- The first step goes out at the next sending slot inside the window, with a random delay of up to ten minutes. If you enrol at 18:00 it leaves tomorrow morning.
- A note appears on the lead: "Enrolled in the e-mail sequence … by you".
- The card shows the enrolment: step, sent, opens, clicks, replied, meeting, the last event.
Pressing Enrol twice for the same sequence does nothing the second time. The same person can be in two different sequences, but think twice before doing that.
The Enrol button hides, or the card explains why, when:
| It says | Because |
|---|---|
| This address is on the do-not-send list | They unsubscribed, bounced or complained before, anywhere in the company, or somebody added them. Nothing you can do; respect it |
| This contact is flagged "do not contact" | A colleague marked the directory contact. Ask them before changing it |
| A lost lead is not enrolled | Reopen the lead first if that is a mistake |
| This record has no e-mail address | Add the address on the record |
| Not connected for this company | Ask your admin to connect your company |
| No active sequence with steps | Your sequence is paused or empty; chapter 3 |
Console → Contacts → Import a CSV with at least an email column, ideally first_name, last_name, company, language, and any extra columns you want as variables. Then Sequences → your sequence → Enroll → pick the imported people (filter by tag, tier or company). Bounced, unsubscribed and suppressed addresses are skipped and listed.
Console → Contacts → select people → Score. The AI scores each person against our ideal customer profile (your manager writes it) and gives a tier: A (75+), B, C, with the reasons. Tiers do two things: A-tier people are sent first each day and can use the capacity your mailbox reserves for them, and a sequence can be limited to a minimum tier. Use tiers to make sure the best accounts never wait behind a long tail.
- One person: the Stop button on their enrolment card in the ERP, or Enrollments → Stop in the console. The sequence stops immediately; the history stays.
- One sequence: Pause it. Nothing goes out; enrolments wait where they are. Resume continues.
- Everybody, right now: your manager pauses every sequence.
The status words on a card: active (sending), paused, completed (every step sent, no reply), stopped (a reply, a bounce, an unsubscribe, or you), failed (the mailbox could not send; tell your admin).
Try it
Replies, drafts and meetings
This is where the time saving is. The sequencer reads your inbox every two minutes. A human reply stops the sequence, is classified, and lands in three places at once: on the lead in the ERP, in Sales → Email Outreach, and in the console's Replies page.
What the classifier tells you
| Intent | Meaning | What the system does |
|---|---|---|
| interested | wants to know more | drafts an answer for approval |
| meeting_requested | asks for a call or names a time | drafts an answer with free slots and a booking link; opens a hot-reply task due in 4 hours |
| question | asks something specific | drafts an answer from our company profile and past winning answers |
| not_now | "come back in Q2" | drafts a short, graceful answer; the nurture planner may schedule a later touch |
| not_interested | a clear no | stops; never answered automatically |
| wrong_person | "talk to Ahmed instead" | stops; the referral name and address are extracted for you to act on |
| unsubscribe | asks to stop | unsubscribed on the spot, added to the do-not-send list; never answered |
| auto_reply, bounce | out-of-office, delivery failure | ignored; a hard bounce suppresses the address |
| other | anything else | shown to you, no draft |
Every reply also carries a one-line summary, a sentiment, a suggested action and a confidence. All of it is on the enrolment card in the ERP ("meeting_requested: wants a call on Tuesday") and in a note on the lead.
ERP → Sales → Email Outreach → AI reply drafts waiting for approval. Read the prospect's reply and the draft under it. Then Approve & send or Reject. In the console's Replies page you can also edit the subject and the text before pressing Approve, or press Regenerate with an instruction ("shorter, mention the ZATCA deadline, do not offer a discount") and get a new draft.
The sent answer is threaded under the prospect's reply, signed with your name, and recorded as an outbound interaction on the lead. Every approved answer is remembered: the next time somebody raises the same objection, the draft starts from what worked.
When the intent is meeting_requested, the draft already offers two or three free slots from your calendar hours and a booking link. The prospect clicks, picks a time, and receives a calendar invitation with your Meet link; you get the same invitation, and with Google calendar sync it is in your calendar without you touching anything.
In the ERP the lead moves to qualified, gets the Meeting booked tag, and a meeting activity appears on your calendar at the slot with the join link in the notes. If the prospect cancels through the invitation, the activity is cancelled too.
You can also act yourself: console → Meetings → book a time for somebody (even outside your hours) or copy your Booking link into any conversation.
After a reply, open the lead:
- a Replied tag (or Meeting booked, Unsubscribed, Bounced, Complained);
- an inbound interaction with the reply's subject and first lines, next to the outbound one for every step sent;
- a follow-up task "Follow up — replied by e-mail", due in 24 hours, assigned to the lead's owner, or "Hot reply: …" due in 4 hours for an interested or meeting reply;
- needs reply set, so the lead shows in your to-answer list until a draft is sent or a meeting is booked;
- the lead moved forward on the board, never backward: a first e-mail moves a new lead to contacted, a booking to qualified. If a human already moved it further, it stays there.
If the sequence has nurture on complete switched on, the planner looks at the person two days after the last step: how many opens, what we know about them, and decides to wait, to stop, or to enrol them in a nurture sequence (one tagged nurture, written for long-term value: a case study, an industry note) after a sensible number of days, with an angle you can use in the template. The decision is written as a note on the lead. Nothing is sent to anybody who unsubscribed or bounced.
Try it
Reading your numbers
What good looks like
| Number | Healthy for cold outreach | Worry when |
|---|---|---|
| Open rate | 40–60% | under 25%: subject lines, or you are in spam |
| Reply rate | 5–10% of people (all replies, including no) | under 2%: the message, the list or the timing |
| Positive replies | 1–3% of people | — |
| Bounce rate | under 2% | over 5%: the mailbox is paused automatically; the list is stale |
| Spam complaints | under 0.1% | 0.3% pauses the mailbox; stop and rethink the list |
| Meetings | 1 per 50–100 people for a good list | — |
Opens are a hint, not a fact: many corporate mail systems open every e-mail by machine and many phones never load the pixel. Judge sequences on replies and meetings.
Where to look
- Dashboard: today and the last 30 days, mailbox health, drafts waiting, what was sent.
- Analytics: pick a period; the funnel per sequence (sent → opened → replied → meeting), cohorts by week, each mailbox's 7- and 30-day rates, the latest deliverability report and the optimiser's decisions. Export gives your manager a spreadsheet of messages, replies or enrolments.
- A sequence's Funnel button shows the same per step: where people stop reading.
- Per variant: the sequence's stats show sent, opened, replied for A and B. The optimiser only declares a winner when the difference is real (at least 30 sends per variant and a statistically significant gap), then routes all traffic to it and suggests the next thing to test.
- The deliverability coach writes a short report per mailbox every morning: status, what it found (a rising bounce rate, a limit that is too high for the warm-up day) and what to do, in order. Read it when the Dashboard strip is not green.
Try it
Your routine and the rules
Every morning (15 minutes)
- ERP → Sales → Email Outreach: approve or reject every draft. A draft older than a day is a lost conversation.
- Replies without a draft (other, wrong_person, not_interested): decide. Create the referral as a new lead; close the no.
- The Dashboard strip: every mailbox green? If not, read the coach's report before enrolling anyone.
- Enrol today's new leads. Ten good ones beat a hundred random ones.
Through the day
- Hot-reply tasks are due in 4 hours. Answer them from the lead page, not from your own mail client, so the ERP keeps the thread.
- Meetings book themselves; just show up. Prepare from the lead page: the research notes, the reply summary, the sequence they were in.
Every week
- Look at the funnel of each live sequence. One weak step? Rewrite it or add a variant.
- Read the optimiser's decisions; archive variants that lost.
- Check the do-not-send list grew only for good reasons (Compliance page). A sudden jump in bounces means a bad list.
- Agree with your manager what to test next week: one change at a time.
The rules
- One person, one decision. Enrolling is yours; the system never enrols anybody on its own.
- Unsubscribe means now. The link in every e-mail works in one click and the address goes on the company-wide do-not-send list, which also stops every other mailing we run. Never e-mail somebody who asked to stop, from any mailbox.
- Business contacts, business hours, your real name. The person must have a reason to hear from us in their work role. We identify ourselves and our company. The send window keeps us inside office hours in their time zone.
- No purchased lists, no scraped addresses. PDPL in Saudi Arabia and GDPR in Europe both treat a work e-mail as personal data. Keep the source of every list (the Contacts page records consent and source).
- Attachments only when asked. A PDF in a cold first e-mail is a spam signal. Quotations and invoices go through the ERP's own E-mail PDF button, which is a one-off message, not a sequence.
- Keep the mailbox yours. Do not send sequence e-mails and bulk forwards from the same address on the same day; do not raise your daily limit above what the coach recommends.
Handing over
When a meeting is booked the lead is qualified and, in companies with the deals module, converts to a deal for the account executive automatically. The AE sees the whole e-mail thread as interactions on the lead and the deal. Stop the enrolment if it is still running; the booked meeting already did.
Try it
When something looks wrong
| What you see | Why, and what to do |
|---|---|
| No Enrol button on a lead | You cannot edit this lead, or the company is not connected. The card's grey line says which. Ask the lead's owner or your admin |
| The e-mail has not gone out hours after enrolling | Look at the enrolment card: paused sequence, outside the send window or send days, or the mailbox hit today's limit (warm-up day 1 is 10). Patience usually fixes it; the console's Enrollments page shows the next send time |
| Status failed on a card | The mailbox could not send: the password changed in Spaceship, the provider blocked the sign-in, or the mailbox was disabled. Press Verify on the Mailboxes page; a 535 means the password: Edit the mailbox and enter the new one. If it stays red, tell your admin |
| They replied but I see no draft | The reply was not_interested, wrong_person, unsubscribe or other: never drafted on purpose. Or the reply came from a different address than the one we wrote to; the console's Replies page shows it with "include auto" switched on |
| A prospect says they unsubscribed and still got an e-mail | Check the Compliance page for the address. If it is there with a date before the send, tell your admin at once with the e-mail; if it is not, they unsubscribed somewhere else (a reply you answered by hand, another mailing) and must be added now |
| Mailbox paused by the system | Bounce rate over 5% or complaints over 0.3% in the last week. Do not resume it. Clean the list (remove the bounced addresses, ask where the list came from), read the coach's report, then your admin resumes it with a lower limit |
| The draft is in the wrong language or tone | Reject it with a reason or Regenerate with an instruction. Reasons are remembered and improve the next drafts. If it keeps happening, your manager sets the workspace's default language and company profile |
| The lead did not move to contacted / qualified | By design when the lead is won, lost or already converted, when a person already moved it further, or when it sits on an Engine OS board, which has its own clock |
| The numbers differ between the ERP and the console | The ERP counts what came back for people it knows; the console counts everything in the workspace, including people imported there. Use the console for campaign numbers and the ERP for a person's history |
| The console shows the sign-in screen again | Your session ended (a working day idle, or a week). Press Continue with the ERP. If the ERP then says you are not a member, your sales admin switched your access off or has not added you yet |
| Arabic text shows left-to-right or broken | The step has no Arabic variant; the English one was sent. Run Localize on the sequence, or set the person's language on the contact |
If none of these fits, send your admin the lead link and the time it happened; they can see exactly what was sent, received and delivered, and when.